Climate information is increasingly relevant to society. (GlobeLiveMedia/Jovani Perez)

Weather forecasts, based on observation and mathematical modelshelp predict the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place based on various relationships such as temperature, humidity, pressure, precipitation or wind.

Weather forecasting is an activity that has been carried out for hundreds of years, even before the Christian era, based mainly on the observation of cloud patterns, wind, time of year, although initially these they did not succeed.

It was only with the emergence of new technologies (such as computers) that mathematical models began to be implemented that allowed more accurate predictions to be made, becoming a fundamental factor for the transport (land, sea or air), agriculture, tourism, disaster prevention, public health and even military operationsbeyond deciding whether or not to carry an umbrella or whatever outfit become.

Below is the weather forecast for the next few hours in Lima:

Monday’s weather in Lima will reach 25 degrees, while the minimum temperature it will be 21 degrees. The forecast for UV levels is 6.

As for the rain the probability of precipitation for the said city it will be 25%, with 100% cloudiness, during the day; and 20%, with 98% cloudiness, throughout the night.

    (GlobeLiveMedia file)
(GlobeLiveMedia file)

In the department of Lima, about ten types of weather are reporteddetermined by its proximity to the sea to the west and the altitude to the east, presented regularly an arid and temperate climatic state, as well as zero humidity all year long.

Of all the states of the time, the one which predominates and which covers approximately half of the territory of the said department is the dry aggregate.

This climatic state is particular given the geographical conditions of the city, since it is located in a tropical area and practically at sea level. The key to understanding the type of climate in Lima comes from its proximity to the Andes Cordillera , as well as the Peruvian Cold Current or Humboldt Current, coming from the south.

The climate extends from the province of Cañete in the south and to the province of Barranca in the north, passing through the capital of Peru, practically a desert, where the rain falls very little and only between the months of July and September.

In the midst of this arid climate, “hill” ecosystems are formed in the provinces of Cañete, Lima, Huaral and Huaura, developed under the influence of winter mists and drizzlescreating a cool and humid environment in the middle of the desert.

The mountains, jungle and coast influence the type of climate in Peru (Picture: File)
The mountains, jungle and coast influence the type of climate in Peru (Picture: File)

Peru and its 38 climates

In Peru, up to 38 types of weather are feltaccording to the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service (Senamhi), this is due to the interaction between different climatic and geographical factors.

These main factors, details the Senamhi, are its geographical position on the Tropic of Capricorn and the proximity of the Andes mountain range.

Among the 38 climates, Senamhi highlights three main which are defined according to the area of ​​the country in which they are located.

On the coast of the South American country, which meets the Pacific Ocean and covers barely 11.6% of the national territory, the weather prevailing there is arid and temperatebeing its main climatic characteristic the rarity of the rains.

In the sawthe area close to the Andes and which occupies 28.1% of Peruvian territory, the climate is rainy and cold mostly.

While in the junglewhere the tropical climate of Peru is most filled, occupying 60.3% of its surface, the weather is defined as very rainy and hot.

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