On March 9, but in 1916, Pancho Villa attacked and burned the city of Columbus, New Mexico, in retaliation for North American support for the Carranza government.
Other ephemerides:
1500.- The fleet led by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvarez Cabral sails from Lisbon towards India, which will finally reach the northeast coast of Brazil.
1812.- The soldier José de San Martín arrives at the port of Buenos Aires (Argentina) on the English frigate “George Canning” to take part in the struggles for American independence against the Spanish Empire.
1831.- King Louis Philippe of Orléans creates the Foreign Legion, an elite unit of the French army made up of foreign volunteers.
1842.- The Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi creates his opera Nabucco at the La Scala Theater in Milan.
1868.- The opera Hamlet, based on the work of Shakespeare with the music of the French composer Ambroise Thomas, opens in Paris (France).
1916.- Germany officially declares war on Portugal, after the seizure by the Portuguese of 72 German ships, as part of the First World War.
1917.- The demonstrations of thousands of workers against Tsar Nicolas II in Saint-Petersburg become the beginning of the Russian revolution.
1923.- The Russian revolutionary leader, Vladimir Lenin, suffers a third stroke and loses his speech.
(1945-The troops of the Japanese Empire occupy militarily and take control of French Indochina
1959.- The American company Mattel launches the Barbie doll on the market, one of the most famous dolls in history.
1985.- Uruguay’s new parliament, which emerged after 12 years of military dictatorship, approves a pardon law for imprisoned political prisoners.
1990.- The guerrilla group M-19 and the Colombian government sign the peace agreement which ratifies the demobilization of the armed group to become a legal political group.
1998.- Former Paraguayan general Lino César Oviedo is sentenced by a military court to ten years in prison for an attempted coup in 1996.
2001.- The Taliban destroy the two colossi of Buddha carved in rock between the 3rd and 4th centuries in the central province of Bamiyan (Afghanistan).
2009.- United States President Barack Obama announces the end of restrictions on public funding of embryonic stem cell research.
2011.- The space shuttle Discovery, the oldest ship in the American space fleet, lands for the last time at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral (Florida).
2022.- The Russian army bombs a children’s hospital in the besieged city of Mariupol (Ukraine), on the coast of the Sea of Azov.
BIRTHS
1451.- Américo Vespucci, Italian navigator, who gives his name to the new continent discovered by Christopher Columbus.
1749.- Honoré G. Riqueti, Count of Mirabeau, French politician.
1879.- Otto Hahn, German chemist, discoverer of the possibility of disintegration of the uranium atom.
1900.- Howard H. Aiken, American engineer and soldier, computer pioneer.
1930.- Ornette Coleman, American jazz saxophonist.
1933.- Lloyd Price, American musician.
1934.- Yuri Gagarin, Russian cosmonaut, the first man to travel in space.
1942. John Cale, American musician, member of the Velvet Underground.
1943.- Bobby Fisher, American chess player.
1948.- Emma Bonino, Italian politician.
1955.- Ornella Muti, Italian actress.
1960.- Zeljko Obradovic, Serbian basketball player and coach.
1964.- Juliette Binoche, French actress.
1975.- Juan Sebastián Verón, Argentinian footballer.
1980.- Matthew Gray Gubler, American actor, director and model.
1986.- Brittany Snow, American actress and model.
1987.- Bow Wow, American actor and rapper.
1992.- María Eugenia Suárez, Argentine actress, singer and model.
1995.- Ángel Correa, Argentinian footballer.
DEATH
1661.- Julio Mazarino, politician, cardinal, diplomat and French sovereign.
1806.- Federico Gravina, Spanish Navy.
1851.- Juan Christian Oersted, Danish physicist, discoverer of electromagnetism.
1869.- Héctor Berlioz, French composer.
1888.- William I, Emperor of Germany.
1926. Mikao Usui, Japanese master, creator of reiki.
(1945-Margot Frank, German Jewish student, sister of Anne Frank, victim of the Holocaust
1952.- Alexandra Kollontai, Russian socialist, revolutionary and feminist.
1989.- Robert Mapplethorpe, American photographer.
1992.- Menachem Beguin, Israeli politician.
1994.- Charles Bukowski, American writer.
1996.- George Burns, American actor.
2007.- Gerardo Mello Mourao, Brazilian writer.
2016.- Naná Vasconcelos, Brazilian musician.
2021.- James Levine, American conductor. EFE
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