AP EXPLAINS: What is Frontotemporal Dementia of Willis?

Bruce Willis’ family says the actor has frontotemporal dementia.

Thursday’s announcement came about a year after his family said Willis would stop acting after being diagnosed with aphasia, a brain disorder that causes problems with speech, reading and writing.

Here are some details about his illness:

WHAT IS FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA?

There are three different types of dementia, and frontotemporal dementia affects regions at the front and sides of the brain. Because it causes behavioral and communication problems, aphasia can be one of its symptoms.

It is caused by damage to neurons, the cells responsible for carrying information in the brain, but the underlying reasons for specific cases are often undetermined. People with a family history of the disease can develop it. The disease is rare and tends to occur at a younger age than other forms of dementia, between 45 and 65 years old.

Frontotemporal diseases and frontotemporal dementia are usually referred to in English as FTD and in Spanish as DFT.

What are the other symptoms of FTD?

Symptoms can include emotional problems and physical difficulties, such as difficulty walking. Symptoms tend to get worse over time, although the progression varies from person to person.

The actor’s family statement notes that his communication issues “are just a symptom of the illness Bruce is dealing with.”

Can FTD be treated?

There is no treatment to slow or stop the disease, but certain interventions can help control symptoms.

Some patients are given antidepressants or medication for Parkinson’s disease, which sometimes shares symptoms with frontotemporal dementia. Many also work with speech therapists to improve their communication difficulties and with physical therapists to improve their movement.

People with the disease may be more susceptible to complications from falls, injuries, or infections. Life expectancy after the onset of symptoms is 7 to 13 years, according to researchers.

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The Associated Press Health and Science Department is supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute Science and Education Media Group. AP is responsible for all content.