This year, the markets have experienced constant volatility. (Infobase)

Negative day for Mexico’s S&P/BMV CPI, which closed Wednesday, March 15, with notable declines in the 1.15%until the 52,085.60 points. The Mexican S&P/BMV IPC index marked a maximum of 52,689.40 points and a minimum of 51,860.33 dots. The trading range of the Mexican S&P/BMV IPC index between its highest point and its lowest point (maximum-minimum) during this day was in the 1.57%.

Compared to last week, the Mexican S&P/BMV CPI index registers a decrease of 2.44%so that a year ago it still maintains a decrease in 2.48%. The Mexican S&P/BMV IPC index is 5.58% below its maximum this year (55,164.01 points) and a 6.31% above its minimum score for the current year (48,993.24 points).

a stock market index It is an indicator that shows how the price of a set of assets is changing.for which it collects data from different companies or sectors of a part of the market.

These indicators are mainly used by the exchanges of the countries and each of them can be integrated by firms with specific characteristics like having a similar market capitalization or belonging to the same type of company, there are also some indices that only consider a handful of stocks to determine their value or others that consider hundreds of stocks.

Stock indices serve as indicator of confidence in stock market, business confidence, health of national and global economy and stock investment performance and shares of the company. If investors are not confident, stock values ​​will tend to fall.

They are also working to measure the performance of an asset manager and allow investors to make comparisons between return and risk; measure the opportunities of a financial asset or create portfolios.

These types of indicators began to be used at the end of the 19th century after the journalist Charles H. Dow. To carefully study how company stocks tended to rise or fall together, he created two indices: one that contained the 20 largest railway companies (as it was the largest industry at the time) , as well as 12 shares of other types of companies

Currently in humanity there are various indices and They can associate according to their location, their sectors, the size of the company or the type of assetFor example, the U.S. Nasdaq index is made up of the 100 largest companies with broad technology connections such as Apple (AAPL), Microsoft (MSFT), Amazon (AMZN), Facebook (FB), Alphabet (GOOG), Tesla ( TSLA), Nvidia (NVDA), PayPal (PYPL), Comcast (CMCSA), Adobe (ADBE).

Each stock index has its own way of being measured, but the main factor is the market capitalization of each company that incorporates it. This is obtained by multiplying the current value of the bond on the corresponding stock market by the total number of shares that are in the hands of the investors.

Companies that are in the bag are obliged to present a balance sheet of its composition. This report must be disclosed every three or six months, as the case may be.

Reading a stock market index also requires taking into account its evolution over time. New indices always start with a fixed value based on stock prices on their start date, but not everyone follows this method. Therefore, it can be misleading.

If one index increases by 500 points in one day, while another adds only 20, it may seem that the former has performed better. However, if the first started the day at 30,000 points and the other at 300, we see that in percentage terms, the gains of the second were more remarkable.

Between the main stock indices of the American Union is the Dow Jones Industrial Average, better known as the Dow Jones, made up of 30 companies. Likewise, the S&P500, which includes 500 of the largest companies on the New York Stock Exchange. Finally, the Nasdaq 100that connects 100 of the largest non-financial companies.

On the other hand, the most important indices of Europe are the Euro Stoxx 50, which covers the 50 largest companies in the euro area. Also DAX 30, the main German index containing the most important companies of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange; there FTSE100 the London Stock Exchange; he CAC 40 of the Paris Stock Exchange; and the IBEX 35of the Spanish stock exchange.

In Asiathe main stock market indices are the Nikki 225, made up of the 225 largest companies on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. There is also the SSE composite index, which is listed as the most representative of China, consisting of the most important companies of the Shanghai Stock Exchange. The same role played by the Hang Seung Index in Hong Kong and the KOSPI in South Korea.

As it concerns the Latin American regionyou have the IPCwhich contains the 35 Most Powerful Companies on the Mexican Stock Exchange (BMV). At least a third of them are part of the estate of tycoon Carlos Slim.

Another is the Bovespa, composed of the 50 most important companies of the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange; he Merval from Argentina; he IPSA From Chile; he MSCI COLCAP Columbia; he IBC of Caracas, made up of 6 companies from Venezuela.

Similarly, there are other types of global stock indices such as the MSCI Latin Americawhich includes the 137 most important companies from Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru.

Likewise, there is MSCI World, which brings together 1,600 companies from 23 developed countries; he MSCI Emerging Markets, made up of more than 800 companies from developing countries; and the S&P Global 100made up of the 100 most powerful multinational corporations on the entire planet.

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